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Title: Boomerang/Design and Construction - How to Make Boomerangs That Come Back Basic description for construction of various boomerangs.
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How to make boomerangs that come back
How to make boomerangs that come back
Introduction
Boomerangs are amazing! What seems to be a simple curved bit of wood can be thrown away
from you and then come right back and land in your hand. Boomerangs use many laws of
physics in their motion including inertia, Bernoulli's effect, gyroscopic precession,
gyroscopic stability and Newton's laws of motion. They are sensitive to their size, shape
and aerodynamic profile, as well as wind and rising thermals.
However, it is not very difficult to make a quality boomerang that can be thrown in
such a way that it will be catchable almost every time. You don't need to know about
physics. You don't even need to know how changes in the boomerang produce different
flight patterns. Just so long as you can tell if a boomerang is not coming back, you can
tune the boomerang so that it does.
Photo links further down the page...
Carving your boomerang
Traditionally, boomerangs were made with the junction between the trunk of a tree and a
major root, giving the required curvature of about 95-110 degrees. Nowadays, you can buy
high quality plywood which can largely withstand the stresses put upon it by boomerang
crash landings. This material is readily available in DIY outlets, and it is easy to cut
and shape.
Normally 5/6mm 5-ply plywood is used. Sketch your pattern onto the wood and cut it
out with a jigsaw, coping saw or bandsaw. Form the aerofoils on each wing (the curved
surface that gives the wings lift) using rasps, files or planes - always working towards
the edge to avoid splinters. When you are sure the aerofoils are at the correct
curvature, use sandpaper to smooth out any sharp lines and to leave a low drag surface. A
rough surface may affect the boomerangs flight pattern, making it less controllable and
responsive.
Shapes
You can make a boomerang any shape you like and, in the right conditions, it will
probably come back to you. But to get the best performance, it is a good idea to use a
tried-and-tested design. Those featured on this page are the traditional Aboriginal
V-shaped boomerang , and the
Omega . I am not an expert on boomerangs, and I have only made
several V-shaped and one Omega boomerang, but for the beginner, I would not hesitate in
recommending the Omega design. The one of these that I have made is very impressive in
flight, spinning in a very large arc in front of me and then hovering down into my hands.
I have caught it 10 times in half an hour only a couple of days after making it.
Photographs of my painted Omega boomerang and a large V-shaped
boomerang:
Front and
back views of both of them, with a 15cm (6 inch) ruler shown
for size comparison. The V-shaped boomerang shown here is very heavy and does not return
properly. It's good fun to throw because it looks so big in the air. It was broken on one
arm when I brought it into school and it repeatedly landed vertically, bouncing off the
ground rather hard. I repaired it with epoxy resin glue with fibreglass tape
reinforcement.
Original Aboriginal V-shaped boomerang
Sketch the diagram opposite onto your piece of plywood and cut it out as stated above.
Curve the aerofoil (wing profile) as shown in the inset, adding a significant undercut to
the leading edge of each wing (the dark patches in the diagram).
When you have finished the carving, check your new boomerang for 'dihedral flex'. This
simply means how much the ends stick up if you set the boomerang flat on a table. The
correct flex for this type of boomerang is about 3-5mm at the tips. Your piece of wood
probably was not originally curved like this so you will need to bend it into its new
position. Hold one wing over a steaming kettle or other safe heat source for about 10
seconds, moving it constantly. Quickly clamp the wood into its new position using offcuts
to lift up the tip. It takes about 5 minutes for the wood to cool down again and 'set',
after which time the other wing tip will have to be bent. Check your boomerang again for
any twisting of the wings. They should be completely flat (except for the dihedral flex)
and if they aren't, fix them in the same way as for the wing tips.
After all the correcting has been done, smooth off all the edges and the entire
surface with sandpaper, starting at 80 or 100 grit and finishing with 250 grit. For a
super streamlined finish, use 400 grit sandpaper. You may then want to paint or varnish
the boomerang, but beware - this can add a lot of unnecessary weight to it, reducing
performance, or at least changing it from what it should be. Use two coats maximum, and
sand well between each coat. A thin layer of varnish over paint will give it more wear
resistance.
Omega boomerang
The Omega is an improvement on the original V-shape for better handling in the wind.
The twisted ends also make the boomerang spin slower than the V-shaped, so that catching
is safer. One major disadvantage with this design is its tendency to break in the middle
(dashed line on diagram) after only light crashes. This is due to the extended arms,
which cause more leverage, and therefore force, to be directed at the apex of the curve.
It might be a good idea to widen the wing around the dashed line, to give it extra
strength.
As before, sketch the diagram opposite onto plywood and cut it out. Notice that the
aerofoil on the Omega boomerang is less curved than the V-shaped design. This leaves more
of the wood at full thickness. Remember to undercut the dark areas. Check for dihedral
flex and twisting as before, correcting any error in the wood with steam or heat.
Finish with various grades of sandpaper and decorate if you like remembering that any
paint will add weight to the boomerang.
Throwing your boomerang
There are a number of important points to bear in mind when throwing a boomerang, which
all work together to achieve the desired effect.
Hold the boomerang by either wing tip in a tight grip with the curved side facing
towards you. This gives the boomerang lift, so if you throw it the other way round, it
will crash into the ground. The tight grip makes the boomerang snap out of your hand as
you throw it, giving it all important spin.
Hold the boomerang vertical or slightly off vertical. Remember this!
A boomerang thrown horizontally will fly rapidly skyward, falling down to the ground
again at a dangerous speed. The Omega boomerang requires more tilt away from the vertical
than the V-shaped (about 15 degrees off vertical). It is easy to think you are throwing
vertically when in fact your hand twists at the last moment, resulting in a near
horizontal launch. Try thinking about where the boomerang is as you throw it, and keep
your throwing arm against your head. Try to end the throw with your arm down beside your
leg, so it has to go straight to get there.
Aim the boomerang about 15 degrees above ground level. This can easily be imagined
by aiming just above treetops about 200 metres away.
Throw your boomerang at about 50 degrees to the right of the wind (or to the left if
you are left handed). If it is thrown too much to the right, the boomerang will land
early in its flight in front, and to the right of you. Too much to the left, and the
boomerang will fly past you landing behind and to the left of you.
Throwing in windy conditions
Throw more vertically in windy conditions, and more off vertical in calm conditions. Use
less power in your throw but keep up the spin rate, otherwise the boomerang will lose
stability. The reduced power is used up as the boomerang flies into the wind, so it gets
blown back to your hands, rather than ending up behind you.
Contact me
If you have any comments, questions or whatever, send me
e-mail to tell me about them.
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